Climate change: Attributing cause and effect

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Figure 1. Going through the changes

The literature sampled by Rosenzweig et al.¹ in analysing the possible impacts of climate change covered a diversity of phenomena in a diversity of biological and physical systems. Examples are perturbation of polar bear behaviour; timing of peak stream flow, of grape harvests, and of spring flowering and bird migration; and variation in the freeze–thaw pattern in tundra, in krill stocks and in glacier 'wastage'.